Hexadecimal and Binary Arithmetic

The number with base sixteen is called hexadecimal number. We can generate these numbers with the combination of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A,B, C, D, E, F. Where A=10, B=11, C=13, D=14, E=15, F=16. This note provides an information about Hexadecimal Number System and Binary Arithmetic.

Summary

The number with base sixteen is called hexadecimal number. We can generate these numbers with the combination of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A,B, C, D, E, F. Where A=10, B=11, C=13, D=14, E=15, F=16. This note provides an information about Hexadecimal Number System and Binary Arithmetic.

Things to Remember

  • The number with base sixteen is called hexadecimal number.
  • Each hexadecimal digit is multiplied by weighted positions, and sum of product is equal to decimal value.
  • The decimal number is repetitively divided by sixteen and remainders are collected to represent hexadecimal numbers.
  • The binary numbers are broken into sections of 4-bit digits from last bit and its hexadecimal equivalent is assigned for each section.
  • Binary equivalent of each hexadecimal digit is written in 4-bit format or section.

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Hexadecimal and Binary Arithmetic

Hexadecimal and Binary Arithmetic

Hexadecimal

The number with base sixteen is called hexadecimal number. We can generate these numbers with the combination of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A,B, C, D, E, F. Where A=10, B=11, C=13, D=14, E=15, F=16. We can represent these numbers with suffix sixteen. E.g. (12AB)16 Where A=10, B=11. The 4-bit format of binary is used for hexadecimal to binary conversion.

Weighted value

Decimal Octal Hexadecimal Binary
0 0 0 0000
1 1 1 0001
2 2 2 0010
3 3 3 0011
4 4 4 0100
5 5 5 0101
6 6 6 0110
7 7 7 0111
8 8 1000
9 9 1001
10 A 1010
11 B 1011
12 C 1100
13 D 1101
14 E 1110
15 F 1111

Decimal to Hexadecimal Conversion

The decimal number is repetitively divided by sixteen and remainders are collected to represent hexadecimal numbers.

Example

  1. Convert following in hexadecimal number: (1047)10= (417)16
    16 1047 7
    16 65 1
    4

    =(417)16

  2. Convert (333)10into hexadecimal
    16 333 13
    16 20 4
    4

    (333)10= (14D)16Where D=13


Hexadecimal to Decimal

Each hexadecimal digit is multiplied by weighted positions, and sum of product is equal to decimal value.

Example

  1. (A37E)16=(?)10

    A= 10
    E= 14
    =Ax163+ 3 x 162+ 7 x 161+ E x 160
    =10x163+ 3 x 162+ 7 x 161+ 14 x 160
    =40960 + 768 + 112 + 14
    (41852)10


Binary to Hexadecimal Conversion

The binary numbers are broken into sections of 4-bit digits from last bit and its hexadecimal equivalent is assigned for each section.

Example

  1. Convert (11 10 11)2into base 16.

    (11 10 11)2= 11 1011
    0011= 3
    1011= 11= B
    (3B)16

Note: You have to add 00 before first group to make four bits group. (11 to 0011)


Hexadecimal to Binary Conversion

Binary equivalent of each hexadecimal digit is written in 4-bit format or section.

Example

Convert following in Binary numbers:

Algorithm

  • Convert each Hexadecimal bit into equivalent binary number by making four bits group.
  • Arrange all bits to make hexadecimal number.

(45AF)16

4= 100= 0100 (Make four digit by adding 0 before the bits)
5= 101= 0101
A=10= 1010
F= 15= 1111
=(010001011010111)2

(23AB)16= (0010 0011 1010 1011)2
= 0010, 3= 0011, A= 10, B=11= 1011
=(0010 0011 1010 1011)2

Hexadecimal to Octal

Algorithm

  • Convert hexadecimal into binary.
  • make group bits from last bit.
  • convert each into decimal numbers.

Example

  1. (ABC)16 to (?)2

    (ABC)16
    A=10= 1010
    B=11= 1011
    C= 12= 1100
    =(101010111100)2


Binary Arithmetic

You have to learn addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of binary number. In brain, you have to keep that in the arithmetic of binary number, carry is written in binary (2) just like as 10 is used in decimal system for carry.


Addition Subtraction Multiplication Division
0 + 0 = 0

1 = 0 = 1
0 + 1 = 1
1 + 1 = 0


 0 - 0 = 0

1 - 0 = 1
0 - 1 = 1 and carry 1
1 - 1 = 0


 0 * 0 = 0

1 * 0 = 0
0 * 1 = 0
1 * 1 = 1


 0 · 1 = 0

1 · 0 = not defined
0 · 0 = 0
1 · 1 = 1
Example


Here, 1+1(right most)= 0 and its carry 1 is added to left columns as 1+1 = 11
Hence, 11+ 11= 110

 Example


Here, 0-1 (right most) = 1 because we take carry 2 from left column and left remains 0.
Hence, 10- 01 = 01

 Example







Example

11)1 1 0(10

1 0 0 1
+ 0 + 1 + 0 + 1
1 1 0 10

Addition Example

1 0 1 0 First number
1 0 0 1 Second number
1 0 0 1 1

Add following binary numbers

  1. 1100 + 1111= 11011
    1 Carry
    1 1 0 0
    1 1 1 1
    11 0 1 1
  2. 110011+ 111100 + 100110= 10010110
    1 1 1 1 1 Carry
    1 1 0 0 1 1
    1 1 1 1 0 0
    1 0 0 1 1 1
    1 0 0 1 0 1 1 0

    Subtraction

    The subtraction of binary is more interesting, but less complex for novice students, but not fear, jump to complement methods when confusing takes place in the traditional methods of subtraction.

    Example

    110-11=011

    1. The first step is to equalize digits placing zero to the left side and make columns. You take right most columns and solve 0-1.
      1 1 0
      0 1 1
      1
    2. Next step, come to second column from where you have to solve again 0-1.
      1 1 0
      0 1 1
      0 1 1

    Example

    1000-11= 0101

    1 0 0 0
    0 1 1 1
    0 0 0 1

    Example
    1000 -1= 111
    1000 -10= 110

    Multiplication

    The multiplication of binary number is also like as decimal multiplication.

    Example
    110 x 11 = 10100

    1 1 0 0
    x 1 1
    1 1 0 0
    1 1 0 0
    1 0 0 1 0 0

Lesson

Computer Number System

Subject

Computer Science

Grade

Grade 10

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